• Calculation of maximum snow-avalanche run-out distance by use of digital terrain models. 

      Lied, Karstein; Toppe, Ronald (Journal article, 1989)
      This paper discusses how maximum snow-avalanche run-out distance may be calculated by a combination of topographic parameters and use of a digital terrain model. Digitized maps are being made for extensive areas of Norway. ...
    • Calculation of snow avalanche runout distance. 

      Bakkehøi, Steinar; Domaas, Ulrik; Lied, Karstein (Journal article, 1983)
      Evaluation of the maximum runout distance of snow avalanches is one of the most important problems in avalanche zoning. It is also one of the most difficult and controversial subjects in avalanche research. This is especially ...
    • A contribution to the prediction of slush avalanches 

      Hestnes, Erik (Chapter, 1985)
      Slush avalanches, primarily known from uninhabited arctic and mountainous regions, every year cause damage to man and property in Norway. Seeking objective criteria to identify their hazard zones, and methods for their ...
    • Design criteria and location of snow fences 

      Norem, Harald (Journal article, 1985)
      The paper describes experience gained in Norway regarding the design criteria and use in practice of snow fences . The paper is based on theoretical studies on drifting snow, model experiments and experience accumulated ...
    • Exploring the significance of the fluidized flow regime for avalanche hazard mapping. 

      Issler, Dieter; Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2008)
      Observational and experimental evidence suggests that it is important to explicitly account for the fluidized flow regime in avalanche hazard mapping due to its high mobility, intermediate density and high velocity. We ...
    • Inferences on flow mechanisms from snow avalanche deposits 

      Issler, Dieter; Errera, Alessia; Priano, Stefano; Gubler, Hansueli; Teufen, Bernardo; Krummenacher, Bernhard (Journal article, 2008)
      The deposit structure of 20 very small to large avalanches that occurred in the Davos area, eastern Swiss Alps, during winters 2004/05 and 2005/06 was investigated. Snow-cover entrainment was significant in the majority ...
    • The influence of drifting snow on the location of glaciers on western Spitsbergen, Svalbard 

      Jaedicke, Christian; Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2005)
      On western Spitsbergen, Svalbard, the amount of winter precipitation is insufficient to maintain the present-day mass balance of the local glaciers. Additional snow mass must be added to the precipitation to reach the ...
    • Interplay of entrainment and rheology in snow avalanches: a numerical study 

      Issler, Dieter; Pérez, Manuel Pastor (Journal article, 2011)
      A one-dimensional evolution equation for the slope-normal velocity profile of a streamwise uniform avalanche over an entrainable bed is derived. The boundary conditions are no slip at the bed, a stress-free surface and ...
    • Measurement of avalanche speeds and forces: instrumentation and preliminary results of the Ryggfonn project. 

      Norem, Harald; Kvisterøy, Terje; Evensen, B. D. (Journal article, 1985)
      The Ryggfonn project is a Full scale experiment carried out to investigate the impact of avalanches on structures and the effects of a retaining dam in the avalanche path. The vertical drop of the avalanche path is 910 m ...
    • Numerical modeling of blowing and drifting snow in Alpine terrain. 

      Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2001)
      In mountainous regions, snow transport due to wind significantly influences snow distribution and, as a result, avalanche danger. A physically based numerical two-Iayer model is developed to simulate blowing and drifting ...
    • Observations of the dynamic structure of snow avalanches 

      Nishimura, K.; Maeno, N.; Kristensen, Krister; Sandersen, Frode; Norem, Harald; Lied, Karstein (Journal article, 1993)
      During two winters, 1990–92, the dynamic structures of snow avalanches were studied in western Norway. Artificially released wet-snow avalanches ran down the avalanche chute and stopped in front of the retaining dam. Running ...
    • On probability analysis in snow avalanche hazard zoning 

      Harbitz, Carl; Harbitz, Alf; Farrokh, Nadim (Journal article, 2001)
      The reduced societal acceptance of living in regions exposed to snow avalanches, and the increased economic consequences when houses are located within a hazard zone, highlight the uncertainty concerning avalanche run-out ...
    • Possible erosion mechanisms in snow avalanches 

      Gauer, Peter; Issler, Dieter (Journal article, 2004)
      Snow erosion and entrainment processes in avalanches are classified according to their mechanisms, the flow regimes in which they occur, and their spatial position within the avalanche. Simple, but process-specific, models ...
    • Simulation of snow-avalanche flow in run-out zones. 

      Norem, Harald; lrgens, Fridtjov; Schieldrop, Bonsak (Journal article, 1989)
      The authors of this paper have previously, in 1987, outlined the development of a set of constitutive equations representing the behaviour of avalanching snow, and the resulting equations for fully developed steady shear ...
    • Simulations of dense snow avalanches on deflecting dams 

      Irgens, Fridtjov; Schieldrop, Bonsak; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie; Domaas, Ulrik; Opsahl, Runar (Journal article, 1998)
      Two models simulating snow avalanches impacting retaining dams at oblique angles of incidence are presented. First, a lumped-mass model applying the Voellmy-Perla equation is used to calculate the path of the centre-of-mass ...
    • Slush-flow questionnaire. 

      Onesti, Lawrence J.; Hestnes, Erik (Journal article, 1989)
      Questionnaires concerning slush flows were distributed globally. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the geographic distribution of slush-flow activity and also to collect information concerning the most ...
    • Slushflow hazard - where, why and when? 25 years of experience with slushflow consulting and research. 

      Hestnes, Erik (Journal article, 1998)
      Slushflows — flowing mixtures of water and snow — are a major natural hazard in Norway. Knowledge gathered by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute during 25 years of slushflow consulting and research is presented. The ...
    • Slushflow hazard prediction and warning 

      Hestnes, Erik; Bakkehøi, Steinar (Journal article, 2004)
      Parameters critical to slushflow release have been studied during 11 winters in Rana, North Norway. Slushflows occurred during 16 periods within the research areas and during another 13 in the district. A noticeable rise ...
    • Snow-creep pressure on masts 

      Larsen, Jan Otto; Laugesen, Jens; Kristensen, Krister (Journal article, 1989)
      Snow-pressure measurements have been carried out on two masts at the NGI avalanche station in Grasdalen, western Norway. These two tubular masts have diameters of 0.22 and 0.42 m, respectively, and are situated on a 25° ...
    • Spatial variability of micropenetration resistance in snow layers on a small slope 

      Kronholm, Kalle; Schneebeli, Martin; Schweizer, Jürg (Journal article, 2004)
      The mechanisms leading to dry-snow slab release are influenced by the three-dimensional variability of the snow cover. We measured 113 profiles of penetration resistance with a snow micropenetrometer on an alpine snow ...