• Analysis of avalanche measurements out of the runout area of NGI's full-scale test-site Ryggfonn 

      Gauer, Peter; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister (Journal article, 2009)
      The paper summarizes measurements and observations of dry-snow avalanches at the Ryggfonn test-site with respect to their behavior in the runout area. Measurements of front velocities and retarding accelerations are presented ...
    • Annual Report 2017 [SP 4 FoU Snøskred] 

      Issler, Dieter; Gauer, Peter; Gisnås, Kjersti; Glimsdal, Sylfest; Jaedicke, Christian; Sandersen, Frode (NGI-rapport;20170131-05-R, Research report, 2018-01-12)
      During the first year of the project period 2017–2019 of NGI's research project on snow avalanches, work was carried out in all five work packages (WP 1 – Ryggfonn and model development, WP 2 – Statistical tools, WP 3 – ...
    • Annual Report 2018 [SP 4 FoU Snøskred] 

      Issler, Dieter; Gauer, Peter; Glimsdal, Sylfest; Jaedicke, Christian; Sandersen, Frode (NGI-rapport;20170131-11-R, Research report, 2018-12-21)
      In the second year of the present three-year project period, core and/or long-term activities were continued: -experiments at Ryggfonn and maintenance of the site, -infrasound monitoring along State Road 15 between Fonnbu ...
    • Annual Report 2019 [SP4 FoU Snøskred] 

      Issler, Dieter; Gauer, Peter; Glimsdal, Sylfest; Jaedicke, Christian; Sandersen, Frode; Gisnås, Kjersti (NGI-rapport;20170131-17-R, Research report, 2020-05-28)
      NGI has conducted research on avalanches and related processes since 1973. This report gives a short insight in the work done in 2019. While experiments with artificial release of avalanches in the Ryggfonn experimental ...
    • Annual Report 2020 

      Gauer, Peter; Salazar, Sean; Robinson, Kate; Issler, Dieter; Frauenfelder, Regula; Langeland, Henrik; Liu, Zhongqiang; Domaas, Ulrik; Jaedicke, Christian; Gilbert, Graham (NGI-Rapport;20200017-02-R, Research report, 2021-03-19)
      During the first year of the project period 2020-2022 of NGIs research project on Snow avalanches, Applied Avalanche Research in Norway (AARN), work was conducted in all three work packages (WP 1 – Avalanche formation and ...
    • Annual Report 2021 

      Gauer, Peter; Salazar, Sean; Robinson, Kate; Issler, Dieter; Frauenfelder, Regula; Liu, Zhongqiang; Jaedicke, Christian; Gilbert, Graham (NGI-Rapport;20200017-03-R, Research report, 2022-04-08)
      During the second year of the project period 2020-2022 of NGIs research project on snow avalanches, Applied Avalanche Research in Norway (AARN), work was conducted in all three work packages (WP 1 – Avalanche formation and ...
    • Avalanche observations at the Ryggfonn test site, Norway, with correlation to snow and weather conditions 

      Gauer, Peter; Kristensen, Krister (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2014)
      The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has been running full-scale avalanche experiments at the Ryggfonn test-site in western Norway for close to 40 years. Data from this period involve observations from about 32 ...
    • Avalanche observations versus numerical avalanche model: Simple test of model performance 

      Gauer, Peter; Aalerud, Annicken Helene; Body, Nellie Sofie (NGI-Rapport;20200017-04-TN, Research report, 2021-03-22)
      Hazard assessment for landuse planning in snow avalanche prone areas requires, besides knowledge of return periods, the specification of expected runout distances. For a complete risk assessment, additionally, the intensity ...
    • Avalanche probability: Slab release and the effect of forest cover 

      Gauer, Peter (Lecture, 2018)
      One of the main challenges in regard to hazard mapping is to estimate avalanche probabilities and avalanche size for a given path. One reason for this is the lack of sufficient data. By definition, avalanches of interest ...
    • Avalanche studies and model validation in Europe, SATSIE. Ryggfonn measurements. Winter 2002 / 2003 and 2003 / 2004 

      Gauer, Peter (NGI-rapport;20021048-05, Research report, 2004-11-30)
      This report presents data collected from the full-scale Ryggfonn project during the Winters 2002/2003 and 2003/2004. The weather and snow conditions described and when possible, the avalanches have been characterized ...
    • Can we learn more from the data underlying the statistical a-ß model with respect to the dynamical behavior of avalanches? 

      Gauer, Peter; Kronholm, Kalle; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister; Bakkehøi, Steinar (Journal article, 2010)
      Hazard and risk assessment in avalanche-prone areas involves estimation of runout distances of potential avalanches. Methods for determination of the runout may be divided into two categories: 1) methods based on statistical ...
    • Chute experiments on slushflow dynamics. 

      Jaedicke, Christian; Kern, M.A.; Gauer, Peter; Baillifard, M.-A.; Platzer, K. (Journal article, 2008)
      Slushflows are gravity driven mass flows consisting of a mixture of snow and water, which exhibit considerable damage potential for endangered areas. An increase in global temperature and winter rain precipitation could ...
    • Comparison of avalanche front velocity measurements and implications for avalanche models 

      Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2013)
      Besides the runout distance of an avalanche information on avalanche intensity along the path is often required for hazard zoning or planning of mitigation measures. The avalanche (front) velocity is a common intensity ...
    • Comparison of avalanche front velocity measurements: Supplementary energy considerations 

      Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2013)
      A series of front velocity measurements were re-analyzed to derive estimates on the mean retarding acceleration of dry-mixed avalanches (i.e. dry-snow avalanches, which were partially fluidized and accompanied by a powder ...
    • Considerations on scaling behavior in avalanche flow along cycloidal and parabolic tracks 

      Gauer, Peter (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      A simple scaling analysis using a simple mass block model supports observations and measurements on snow avalanches, that the maximum front-velocity of “major” avalanches scales with the total drop height of the track. ...
    • Considerations on scaling behavior in avalanche flow: Implementation in a simple mass block model 

      Gauer, Peter (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Observations of runout distances combined with velocity measurements suggest that “major” dry-mixed avalanches show a scale invariance to the total drop height HSC. This is in accordance to the proposed upper-limit envelope ...
    • CPT 3 – Quantitative risk assessment: Remarks on the uncertainty in the delimitation of hazard zones based on historical observations 

      Gauer, Peter (NGI-Rapport;20200017-09-TN, Research report, 2022-03-22)
      The Norwegian building code regulates the societal acceptable risk from avalanches for three building classes (S1, S1, and S3). The corresponding highest allowed nominal annual probabilities of avalanches reaching the ...
    • Cross-comparison of Selected Avalanche Observations 

      Gauer, Peter (Chapter, 2019)
      In many mountainous regions, snow avalanches are severe threats to the population and their infrastructure. Delineation of avalanche endangered areas or the design of suffcient mitigation measures require in-depth understanding ...
    • The design of avalanche protection dams : Recent practical and theoretical developments 

      Barbolini, Massimiliano; Domaas, Ulrik; Faug, Thierry; Gauer, Peter; Hákonardóttir, Kristín Martha; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie; Issler, Dieter; Jóhannesson, Tómas; Lied, Karstein; Naaim, Mohamed; Naaim-Bouvet, Florence (EUR;23339, Research report, 2009)
      This book discusses the design of dams and other protective measures in the run-out zones of wet- and dry-snow avalanches. It summarises recent theoretical developments and the results of field and laboratory studies, ...
    • The design of avalanche protection dams. Recent practical and theoretical developments 

      Johannesson, Tomas; Gauer, Peter; Lied, Karstein; Barbolini, Massimiliano; Domaas, Ulrik; Faug, Thierry; Hakonardottir, Kristin Martha; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie; Issler, Dieter; Naaim, Florence; Naaim, Mohamed; Rammer, Lambert (Lecture, 2008)
      Recent experimental and theoretical studies of the flow of avalanches against obstructions have been used, in combination with traditional design guidelines, to formulate recommendations for the design of dams and other ...