Blar i Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Digital Archive på emneord "History"

Viser treff 21-40 av 41

    • A new concept for avalanche warning in Switzerland 

      Stucki, Thomas; Ammann, Walter; Meister, Roland; Brabec, Bernhard (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      During the past 60 years the Swiss Federal Institut for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), which is in charge of the avalanche warning in Switzerland issued national avalanche bulletins three to four times a week at around ...

    • Operational use of a snowpack model for the avalanche warning service in Switzerland : model development and first experiences 

      Lehning, Michael; Bartelt, Perry; Brown, Bob (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      The national Swiss avalanche warning service must provide high quality avalanche danger forecasts with an increasing spatial resolution. For this purpose, forecasters require objective tools to judge local and regional ...

    • Opportunity of detailing avalanche forecasts 

      Isaev, A. A. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      The national Swiss avalanche warning service must provide high quality avalanche danger forecasts with an increasing spatial resolution. For this purpose, forecasters require objective tools to judge local and regional ...

    • An overview of avalanche forecasting models and methods 

      Föhn, Paul M.B. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      This overview resumes first the historical development of avalanche forecasting in different countries of the world. It yields the most basic definitions like "avalanche danger" and presents the major problems of avalanche ...

    • An overview of natural hazard zoning with special reference to avalanches 

      Hopf, Josef (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      Natural hazards are increasingly a limiting factor in mountainous countries in connection with the growing population and economical development. People become more and more estranged to environmental conditions and are ...

    • PANDALP : a new penetrometer for snow investigation 

      Burlet, J. L.; Daudon, D (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      This paper presents a new tool for snow investigation, issued from a portable dynamic penetrometer Panda with variable energy for soil investigation. After a brief presentation of this apparatus, a comparable study between ...

    • The potential of sedimentology and stratigraphy in avalanche-hazard research 

      Blikra, Lars Harald; Thorsteinn, Sæmundson (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      Detailed sedimentology studies in cross sections and studies of recent processes on avalanche-dominated colluvial fans have been combined in order to evaluate the characteristic sedimentary facies of avalanche processes. ...

    • Quantitative risk analysis for evaluation of avalanche protection projects 

      Wilhelm, Christian (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      Questions on optimum protection measures have always been bound to economic considerations. This involves a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the effect of avalanche protection measures with an appropriate concept ...

    • Rock-avalanche hazard in Møre & Romsdal, western Norway 

      Einar, Ansa; Blikra, Lars Harald (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      Flood waves generated by large rock avalanches have caused major disasters in Norway. Many of these events are restricted to a relatively limited zone in the counties Møre & Romsdal and Sogn & Fjordane. Geological studies ...

    • Safran/Crocus/Mepra models as an helping tool for avalanche forecasters 

      Giraud, G.; Brun, E.; Durand, Y.; Martin, E. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      To describe the great variability of the snow pack and to predict the avalanche risk in the French Alps and Pyrenees massifs, the «Centre d'Etudes de la Neige» (C.E.N.) of METEO-FRANCE has developed an automatic chain of ...

    • A short comparison between Voellmy-fluid and Criminale-Ericksen-Filby-fluid dense snow avalanche models 

      Bartelt, Perry; Salm, Bruno (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      In the publications Norem et al. (1987) and Norem et al. (1989) a dense snow avalanche model is proposed that uses a Criminale-Ericksen-Filby constitutive relation with power law viscosity functions. A vertical velocity ...

    • Skred og skredforskning i Norge 

      Bakkehøi, Steinar (Chapter, 1999)
      Siden man begynte offentlig registrering over årsak til dødsulykker i 1835, har ca. 1500 mennesker satt livet til i ulykker som skyldes snøskred eller sørpeskred i Norge. I Alpelandene var man også vel vant med den hvite ...

    • Slushflow hazard - where, why and when? 25 years of experience with slushflow consulting and research. 

      Hestnes, Erik (Journal article, 1998)
      Slushflows — flowing mixtures of water and snow — are a major natural hazard in Norway. Knowledge gathered by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute during 25 years of slushflow consulting and research is presented. The ...

    • Snow avalanche dynamics : observations and experiments 

      Nishimura, K.; Ito, Y.; Keller, S.; McElwine, S.; Nohguchi, Y.; Izumi, K.; Kawada, K. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      In order to investigate the dynamics and the detailed structure of snow avalanches, we have made systematic observations in the Shiai-dani, Kurobe Canyon since 1989. Velocities of the lower flowing component were calculated ...

    • Snow avalanche experience through 25 years at NGI. 

      Lied, Karstein (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      This year it is 25 years since the Norwegian parliament decided that NG! should be the institution responsible for snow avalanche research and consulting work in Norway. Because of several major snow avalanche accidents ...

    • Snowmelt and slush avalanches / slushflows in nothern mountains, Sweden. A video presentation. 

      Rapp, Anders; Gude, Martin; Scherer, Dieter (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      A video of 15 minutes duration reviews different cases of slushflows in May-June 1995 and their behaviour during release and downslope propagation. Slushflow dynamics are compared with other types of mass movement.

    • Some results of long-term variability of avalanche activity of CIS mountains 

      Kanaev, L. A.; Kakurina, Y. G. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      The work present the analysis of the long variation of avalanche activity of former USSR (CIS) mountains by the data of regular observations. There were determined the periods of activigation and reduction of avalanche ...

    • Temperature gradient metamorphism and its relation with the avalanche release 

      Satyawali, P. K. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      In winter there is a considerable amount of solid precipitation in the western part of Himalayas. Avalanche frequently occur here, and often endanger national economic construction and human life. Observations show that ...

    • Transferring avalanches between paths 

      Sigurðsson, Sven; Jónasson, Kristján; Arnalds, Þorsteinn (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      Estimates of exceedance probabilities of runout lengths of avalanches for a specific path can rarely be based on measured avalanches in that slope alone, if they are to become statistically reliable. Thus one has, directly ...

    • Using of GIS technology for avalanche hazard mapping, scale 1:10 000 

      Pertziger, Felix (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      The sites with the size of 50·50 m2 having a various probability of avalanche formation were revealed for a given territory covering an area of 3·4 km2. Crossclassification of sites considering their slopes and snow cover ...