Blar i Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Digital Archive på forfatter "Kronholm, Kalle"
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Associations between shear strength of a buried surface hoar layer and stratigraphic, topographic and vegetation characteristics on a uniform slope. Extended abstract
Lutz, Eric; Birkeland, Karl W.; Schneebeli, Martin; Hansen, Kathy J.; Kronholm, Kalle (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2006)In this study we quantify 1) changes in spatial and aspatial characteristics of the shear strength of a buried surface hoar layer, and 2) identify characteristics in terrain, vegetation and snow stratigraphy that can help ... -
Avalanche characterization for regional forecasting
Kristensen, Krister; Kronholm, Kalle; Bjørdal, Nils H. (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)In the Sunnmøre and Romsdal road districts in Western Norway, the local road authorities have compiled a register of more than 300 sites where avalanches encounter principal roads in the area. The area covered is about 5 ... -
The avalanche situation in a special winter. Review of the 09/10 season in Norway.
Jaedicke, Christian; Brattlien, Kjetil; Frauenfelder, Regula; Kristensen, Krister; Kronholm, Kalle (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2010)The 2009/10 season featured significantly different snow conditions compared to the usually maritime snow pack in most of Norway. A stable high-pressure system over large parts of Europe led to low temperatures and limited ... -
Back-calculations of observed avalanches against natural deflecting dams
Issler, Dieter; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie; Domaas, Ulrik; Kronholm, Kalle; Christen, Marc (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)The objective of this study is to assess the reliability of presently available numerical avalanche models in predicting avalanche flow about deflecting natural terrain features such as large boulders or moraine ridges. ... -
Can we learn more from the data underlying the statistical a-ß model with respect to the dynamical behavior of avalanches?
Gauer, Peter; Kronholm, Kalle; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister; Bakkehøi, Steinar (Journal article, 2010)Hazard and risk assessment in avalanche-prone areas involves estimation of runout distances of potential avalanches. Methods for determination of the runout may be divided into two categories: 1) methods based on statistical ... -
Could retrieval of snow layer formation by optical satellite remote sensing help avalanche forecasting? Presentation of first results
Solberg, Rune; Frauenfelder, Regula; Koren, Hans; Kronholm, Kalle (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)Of special interest within the field of avalanche research and avalanche warning are properties related to snow grain type and snow grain size at the surface. In continental and intermountain avalanche climates weak layers ... -
Could retrieval of snow layer formation by optical satellite remote sensing help avalanche forecasting? Presentation of first results.
Solberg, Rune; Frauenfelder, Regula; Koren, Hans; Kronholm, Kalle (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2009)Of special interest within the field of avalanche research and avalanche warning are properties related to snow grain type and snow grain size at the surface. In continental and intermountain avalanche climates weak layers ... -
DUE avalRS: Remote-Sensing Derived Avalanche Inventory Data for Decision Support and Hind-Cast after Avalanche Events
Frauenfelder, Regula; Kronholm, Kalle; Solberg, Rune; Larsen, Siri Øyen; Salberg, Arnt-Børre; Larsen, Jan Otto; Bjordal, Heidi (Chapter, 2010)Each year, snow avalanches hit populated areas and parts of the transport network in the Norwegian mountain regions, leading to loss of lives and the damaging of buildings and infrastructure. We present the results of a ... -
The effectiveness of avalanche airbags
Haegeli, Pascal; Falk, Markus; Procter, Emily; Zweifel, Benjamin; Jarry, Frederic; Logan, Spencer; Kronholm, Kalle; Biskupic, Marek; Brugger, Hermann (Journal article, 2014)Aim: Asphyxia is the primary cause of death among avalanche victims. Avalanche airbags can lower mortality by directly reducing grade of burial, the single most important factor for survival. This study aims to provide an ... -
Field measurements of sintering after fracture of snowpack weak layers
Birkeland, Karl W.; Kronholm, Kalle; Logan, Spencer; Schweizer, Jürg (Journal article, 2006)This research documents two cases where field workers unintentionally fractured a snowpack weak layer, but no avalanche released. Measurements from before and after the fractures provide unique data sets on the temporal ... -
Forcasting snow avalanche days from meteorological data using classification trees; Grasdalen, Western Norway
Kronholm, Kalle; Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun; Jaedicke, Christian; Isaksen, Ketil; Sorteberg, Asgeir; Kristensen, Krister (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2006)Avalanches pose one of the most serious problems to infrastructure and people in the mountains in Norway. Processes leading to avalanche release are deterministic but the time and place of avalanche release is notoriously ... -
Forecasting snow avalanche days from meteorological data using classification trees, Grasdalen, Western Norway.
Kronholm, Kalle; Vikhamar-Schuler, Dagrun; Jaedicke, Christian; Isaksen, Ketil; Sorteberg, Asgeir; Kristensen, Krister (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2006)Avalanches pose one of the most serious problems to infrastructure and people in the mountains in Norway. Processes leading to avalanche release are deterministic but the time and place of avalanche release is notoriously ... -
GIS aided avalanche warning in Norway.
Jaedicke, Christian; Kronholm, Kalle; Kristensen, Krister; Bakkehøi, Steinar (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)By 2008 detailed avalanche warning for the entire Norway is not available. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute only issues a general warning for large regions of the country for danger level 4 or 5, mainly based on ... -
Integrated database for rapid mass movements in Norway
Jaedicke, Christian; Lied, Karstein; Kronholm, Kalle (Journal article, 2009)Rapid gravitational slope mass movements include all kinds of short term relocation of geological material, snow or ice. Traditionally, information about such events is collected separately in different databases covering ... -
Integrated database for rapid mass movements in Norway
Jaedicke, Christian; Lied, Karstein; Juvet, Halvor; Kronholm, Kalle (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2006)Rapid mass movements include all kinds of slides in geological material, snow or ice. Traditionally, information about such events is collected separately in different databases covering selected geographical regions and ... -
Integrated database for rapid mass movements in Norway.
Jaedicke, Christian; Lied, Karstein; Juvet, Halvor; Kronholm, Kalle (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2006)Rapid mass movements include all kinds of slides in geological material, snow or ice. Traditionally, information about such events is collected separately in different databases covering selected geographical regions and ... -
Integrating spatial patterns into a snow avalanche cellular automata model
Kronholm, Kalle; Birkeland, Karl W. (Journal article, 2005)Snow avalanches are a major mountain hazard that kills hundreds of people and causes millions of dollars in damage worldwide annually. Yet, the relationship between the well-documented spatial variability of the snowpack ... -
Norge - et overraskende snøskred-land
Jaedicke, Christian; Kronholm, Kalle (Journal article, 2008)Det er ikke helt passende å påstå at vestlendinger, nordlendinger og finnmarkinger er forskjellige av natur. Men snøskredene i de tre regionene er åpenbart forskjellige: Skred utløses ofte av nedbør på Vestlandet, av ... -
Reliability of sampling designs for spatial snow surveys
Kronholm, Kalle; Birkeland, Karl W. (Journal article, 2007)Spatial patterns are an inherent property of most naturally occurring materials at a large range of scales. To describe spatial patterns in the field, several observations are made according to a certain sampling design. ... -
Review of spatial variability of snowpack properties and its importance for avalanche formation.
Schweizer, Jürg; Kronholm, Kalle; Jamieson, J.Bruce; Birkeland, Karl W. (Journal article, 2008)The seasonal snow cover is spatially variable. Spatial variability of layer properties is due to various external and internal process drivers interacting with terrain and ground cover during and after the deposition ...