Blar i Norges Geotekniske Institutt på emneord "Avalanche-RnD"

Viser treff 101-120 av 382

    • Direct Simple Shear Tests on Snow and their Relation to Slab Avalanche Formation 

      McClung, David (Journal article, 1977)
      Many slab avalanches can be attributed to shear failure in a weak, thin basal layer at the slab base. A reasonable starting point for evaluation of the conditions prior to fracture is, therefore, an investigation of shear ...

    • The diversities of large slushflows illustrated by selected cases. 

      Hestnes, Erik; Kristensen, Krister (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2010)
      Rapid mass movement of water-saturated snow, usually known as slushflow or slush avalanche, is a major natural hazard in Norway. The destructive forces are larger than those observed from other snow related mass flows of ...

    • Drifting snow in complex terrain. Comparison of measured snow distribution and simulated wind field. 

      Jaedicke, Christian; Thiis, Thomas K.; Sandvik, Anne Dagrunn; Gjessing, Yngvar (Chapter, 2000)
      Snowdrift in complex terrain can cause significant problems for maintenance of road and railway systems during winter and is a major factor for snow avalanche releases. The location of accumulation and erosion areas is ...

    • DUE avalRS: Remote-Sensing Derived Avalanche Inventory Data for Decision Support and Hind-Cast after Avalanche Events 

      Frauenfelder, Regula; Kronholm, Kalle; Solberg, Rune; Larsen, Siri Øyen; Salberg, Arnt-Børre; Larsen, Jan Otto; Bjordal, Heidi (Chapter, 2010)
      Each year, snow avalanches hit populated areas and parts of the transport network in the Norwegian mountain regions, leading to loss of lives and the damaging of buildings and infrastructure. We present the results of a ...

    • Dynamical Aspects of the 2017 Rigopiano Avalanch 

      Issler, Dieter (NGI-rapport;20170131-08-TN, Research report, 2019-01-21)
      Abstract: Data on the disastrous snow avalanche that occurred on 2017-01-18 at the spa hotel Rigopiano, municipality of Farindola in the Abruzzo region of central Italy, are analyzed in the present Technical Note in different ...

    • Dynamical Consistency Constraints on Entrainment and Deposition in Depth-Averaged Models of Snow Avalanches and Other Gravity Mass Flows 

      Issler, Dieter (NGI-rapport;20110112-00-1-TN, Research report, 2012-05-18)
      This paper discusses several issues related to the mathematical and physical formulation of entrainment in depth-averaged models of gravity mass flows (GMF) such as snow avalanches and landslides. (i) The relation between ...

    • Dynamically consistent entrainment laws for depth-averaged avalanche models 

      Issler, Dieter (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2014)
      The bed entrainment rate in a gravity mass flow (GMF) is uniquely determined by the properties of the bed and the flow. In depth-averaging, however, critical information on the flow variables near the bed is lost and ...

    • Dynamics of two-layer slushflows 

      Bozhinskiy, A.N.; Nazarov, A.N. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      A new mathematical model of slushflow dynamics is developed. A slushflow is treated as a two-layer flow. The lower layer consists of pure liquid phase (water) and the upper layer is a floating water saturated snow (slush). ...

    • Dynamique et modélisation des avalanches 

      Issler, Dieter (Chapter, 2010)
      This chapter summarizes observations and experimental findings on the dynamics of snow avalanches that are important to understand when developing or applying numerical models for the calculation of runout distances, ...

    • Dødsulykker i snøskred 2003-2013 

      Brattlien, Kjetil (NGI-rapport;20140053-02-R, Research report, 2016-09-02)
      Denne NGI-rapporten inneholder analyser av dødsulykker i snøskred i Norge i 10-årsperioden 2003-2013. Rapporten er utarbeidet innen prosjekt SP 4 FoU Snøskred 2014-2016.

    • The effect of dam constructions as mitigative measures: 14 years of experience from a full-scale project 

      Larsen, Jan Otto; Norem, Harald (Lecture, 1996)
      The Ryggfonn project is a full-scale project for determination of avalanche behavior. Measurements of velocities, impact pressures and observations of flow patterns around a 15 m high and 75 m long earthfill dam, have been ...

    • Effect of high elevation birch forest on snow stability 

      Breien, Hedda; Høydal, Øyvind A. (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2013)
      Forest and especially evergreen conifers like pine and spruce are known to reduce avalanche formation due to their physical anchoring effect and their influence on snow pack layering through changed temperature, radiation, ...

    • The effectiveness of avalanche airbags 

      Haegeli, Pascal; Falk, Markus; Procter, Emily; Zweifel, Benjamin; Jarry, Frederic; Logan, Spencer; Kronholm, Kalle; Biskupic, Marek; Brugger, Hermann (Journal article, 2014)
      Aim: Asphyxia is the primary cause of death among avalanche victims. Avalanche airbags can lower mortality by directly reducing grade of burial, the single most important factor for survival. This study aims to provide an ...

    • Effects of curvature in avalanche deflecting dams 

      Moe, Arne; Irgens, Fridtjov; Domaas, Ulrik; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie (Chapter, 2005)
      Avalanches and other types of slides represent significant danger to people and property in large parts of the world. Deflecting dams, i.e. dams that change the courses of avalanches to prevent impact upon houses or roads, ...

    • Empirical Calculations of Snow–Avalanche Run–out Distance Based on Topographic Parameters 

      Lied, Karstein; Bakkehøi, Steinar (Journal article, 1980)
      A method for calculation of “maximum” avalanche run–out distance based on topographic parameters only is described. 423 well–known avalanches have had their maximum extent registered. The average gradient of avalanche path ...

    • Estimates on the reach of the powder part of avalanches 

      Gauer, Peter (Lecture, 2018)
      Avalanche observations from Norway, Austria and Switzerland, which distinguish between dense (fluidized) flow and powder part, are analyzed to obtain probability information about the reach of the powder part. The analysis ...

    • Estimating Avalanche Triggering Probability using meteorological and local terrain parameters through a fuzzy inference approach 

      Ragulina, Galina; Uzielli, Marco (NGI-rapport;20170131-12-TN, Research report, 2019-04-23)
      The aim of the present study is the quantitative estimation of snow avalanche triggering probability (ATP) for daily local forecasting purposes based on meteorological and local terrain factors. At present, ATP is indirectly ...

    • Estimating run-out distances for extreme snow avalanches 

      Norem, Harald; Bakkehøi, Steinar (Lecture, 1992)
      Lecture presented at the Universitè Européenne d'Eté. Neige et Avalanches, Chamonix 1992. Estimating the run-out distances for snow avalanches is an important task for land use planning in mountaneous areas. The practical ...

    • The EU CADZIE database for extreme and deflected snow avalanches 

      Domaas, Ulrik (NGI-rapport;20001289-01, Research report, 2001-09-05)
      ABSTRACT. The EU program CADZIE (Catastrophic Avalanches: Defence Structures and Zoning in Europe), was established after the catastrophic 1999 avalanche winter in Europe. The overall objective of the program is improved ...

    • EU Program CADZIE WP5. Norwegian zoning tools. 

      Domaas, Ulrik (NGI-rapport;20011001-02, Research report, 2001-04-20)
      In Work Package 5, Task 2 of the EU-Program CADZIE (Catastrophic Avalanches, Defence Structures and Zoning in Europe), each participating country will contribute to Deliverable D9: Pre-standardisation of zoning tools. The ...