Blar i Norges Geotekniske Institutt på emneord "Avalanche-RnD"
Viser treff 201-220 av 382
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Objective comparison of two to three dimensional avalanche model output and field data using the AIMEC approach
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)In recent years two to three dimensional avalanche simulation tools have gained importance to estimate the hazard. The models are optimized to determine run out distances of avalanches. However, technically dynamic models ... -
Observations of the dynamic structure of snow avalanches
(Journal article, 1993)During two winters, 1990–92, the dynamic structures of snow avalanches were studied in western Norway. Artificially released wet-snow avalanches ran down the avalanche chute and stopped in front of the retaining dam. Running ... -
Observations on water level fluctuations in snow due to rain and snowmelt
(Chapter, 1996)Meteorological parameters, snowpack conditions and water level fluctuations in snowpack due to rain and snowmelt, have been registered during 5 winters at two slushflow sites in Rana, North Norway. A noticeable rise of ... -
On avalanche (front) velocity measurements at the Ryggfonn avalanche test site and comparison with observations from other locations
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)Besides the runout distance of an avalanche, information on avalanche intensity along the path are often required for hazard zoning or planning of mitigation measures. The avalanche (front) velocity is a common measure as ... -
On avalanche measurements at the Norwegian full-scale test-site Ryggfonn.
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)Avalanche measurements and observations, which were carried out at the Ryggfonn test-site, Norway, on 16 April 2005, are analyzed. The data include pulsed Doppler radar measurements, impact pressure readings from load cells ... -
On avalanche run-up heights on deflecting dams: Centre of mass computations compared to observations.
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)This article reports on the observed run-up heights of avalanches in terrain formations that act as "natural deflecting dams" with oblique angle of incidence. To compensate for the deficiencies of today's methods, the ... -
On full-scale avalanche measurements at the Ryggfonn test site, Norway.
(Journal article, 2007)Avalanche measurements carried out at the Ryggfonn test site, Norway, during several winter seasons are analyzed with emphasis on recognizing different flow regimes and estimating flow densities. Measurements include impact ... -
On probability analysis in snow avalanche hazard zoning
(Journal article, 2001)The reduced societal acceptance of living in regions exposed to snow avalanches, and the increased economic consequences when houses are located within a hazard zone, highlight the uncertainty concerning avalanche run-out ... -
On pulsed Doppler radar measurements of avalanches and their implication to avalanche dynamics.
(Journal article, 2007)Pulsed Doppler radar measurements from several avalanche releases are analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of avalanche dynamics. A pulsed Doppler radar emits short pulses and samples the echo in distinct time ... -
On snow avalanche flow regimes: Inferences from observations and measurements.
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)Mixed dry-snow avalanches are commonly thought to consist of a dense core and a dilute suspension layer, even though observations and measurements from Canada and Russia have long indicated the presence of an intermediate-density ... -
On the computation of parameters that model snow avalanche motion
(Journal article, 1981)This paper explores the computational problem of finding suitable numbers to use in a twoparameter model of snow avalanche dynamics. The two parameters are friction, y, and a ratio of avalanche mass to drag, MID. Given a ... -
Operational use of a snowpack model for the avalanche warning service in Switzerland : model development and first experiences
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)The national Swiss avalanche warning service must provide high quality avalanche danger forecasts with an increasing spatial resolution. For this purpose, forecasters require objective tools to judge local and regional ... -
Opportunity of detailing avalanche forecasts
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)The national Swiss avalanche warning service must provide high quality avalanche danger forecasts with an increasing spatial resolution. For this purpose, forecasters require objective tools to judge local and regional ... -
Optimization and probabilistic calibration of avalanche block models
(Journal article, 2009)The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has been performing full-scale avalanche tests at Ryggfonn in western Norway for more than 30 years. During those years, measurements from about three dozen dry-snow avalanches ... -
Outline of a Simple Model of Mixed Snow Avalanches
(NGI-Rapport;20200017‐10‐TN, Research report, 2023-08-24)This Note discusses a quasi-three-dimensional model of mixed snow avalanches that could replace the code MoT-Voellmy in NAKSIN. As a starting point, the two-layer model by Eglit is slightly simplified and extended from a ... -
Overrun length of avalanches overtopping catching dams: Cross-comparison of small-scale laboratory experiments and observations from full-scale avalanches
(Journal article, 2008)Results from small-scale and full-scale experiments on avalanche–dam interactions are presented and compared. These experiments were analyzed with respect to the overrun length (i.e., the distance that the avalanche traveled ... -
An overview of avalanche forecasting models and methods
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)This overview resumes first the historical development of avalanche forecasting in different countries of the world. It yields the most basic definitions like "avalanche danger" and presents the major problems of avalanche ... -
An overview of natural hazard zoning with special reference to avalanches
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)Natural hazards are increasingly a limiting factor in mountainous countries in connection with the growing population and economical development. People become more and more estranged to environmental conditions and are ... -
An overview of the need for avalanche protection measures in Iceland
(Iceland. Ministry for the Environment;VI-R96004-UR03, Report, 1996)The present report is prepared by the Icelandic Meteorological Office for the Icelandic Ministry for thc Environment and Iocal authorities in towns threatened by avalanches.... -
PANDALP : a new penetrometer for snow investigation
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)This paper presents a new tool for snow investigation, issued from a portable dynamic penetrometer Panda with variable energy for soil investigation. After a brief presentation of this apparatus, a comparable study between ...