Blar i NGI articles på dokumenttype "Chapter"
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A Rule Based Risk Management System Based on Maps and Danger Level
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)After a tragic accident where 16 soldiers were killed in an avalanche during a military exercise in 1986, the Norwegian Armed Forces took several steps to ensure the safety of soldiers. The result is a risk management ... -
"Safe haven" at road sides near avalanche prone sites
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)Snow avalanches cause threat to road traffic in mountainous areas in Iceland in wintertime. One or more vehicles are hit by avalanches every year but last year’s no fatal accidents due to snow avalanches have been reported. ... -
Safran/Crocus/Mepra models as an helping tool for avalanche forecasters
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)To describe the great variability of the snow pack and to predict the avalanche risk in the French Alps and Pyrenees massifs, the «Centre d'Etudes de la Neige» (C.E.N.) of METEO-FRANCE has developed an automatic chain of ... -
Scale of Fluctuation for Geotechnical Probabilistic Analysis
(Chapter, 2015) -
Secondary Impacts of Climate Change on the Cryosphere - Chapter 5.1. Avalanches
(ETC/ACC Technical Paper;2010/13, Chapter, 2010)Key messages: • Average avalanche activity has not changed during the last decade, and climate change will only affect the lower altitudes • The event history of avalanches is extremely difficult to relate to climate ... -
Selected observations from avalanche measurements at the Ryggfonn test site and comparisons with observations from other locations
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2016)Selected observations from the full-scale avalanche test site Ryggfonn, Norway, like front velocity, runout distance, or pressure distributions, are presented and compared with observations from other locations. In this ... -
Settlement monitoring using space-borne radar interferometry, in the context of large infrastructure projects
(Chapter, 2019)Geodetic data acquisition in urban areas and along linear infrastructure are major cost drivers in big infrastructure projects. Modern remote sensing methods help us to manage data acquisitions with high effectiveness ... -
Shallow depth characterisation and stress history assessment of an over-consolidated sand in Cuxhaven, Germany
(Chapter, 2018)A comprehensive field campaign was carried out on an aged, dense, over-consolidated sand in Cuxhaven, Germany. CPTs along with a suite of additional in-situ tests, including DMTs, PLTs, shear wave velocity measurements ... -
Shear Strength of Soft Clay in Terms of Effective Stresses
(NGI Publication;209, Chapter, 2022)It is commonly understood and accepted today that soft, contractant soils, when sheared under undrained conditions, develop high pore pressures that result in failure at a critical shear stress, occurring before the soil ... -
Shear wave velocity - SCPTU correlations for sensitive marine clays
(Chapter, 2022) -
Sheet pile walls - a space-saving avalanche defense structure.
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2006)Steel sheet piles, primarily used as retaining walls when excavating soft ground and for stabilizing fills, are introduced as flexible components for a variety of effective and space-saving avalanche defense structures. ... -
A short comparison between Voellmy-fluid and Criminale-Ericksen-Filby-fluid dense snow avalanche models
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)In the publications Norem et al. (1987) and Norem et al. (1989) a dense snow avalanche model is proposed that uses a Criminale-Ericksen-Filby constitutive relation with power law viscosity functions. A vertical velocity ... -
Significance of historical records for avalanche hazard zoning in Norway
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2000)In avalanche hazard zoning, it is common practice to investigate the previous avalanche history for the area considered. Historical observations of avalanches serve as an aid in the classification of the terrain, and may ... -
Sikringsmetoder mot snøskred
(Chapter, 1979)I store deler av landet vårt har vi omrader vi ønsker å utbygge, men hvor det samtidig er mulighet for snøskred. I de fIeste tilfellene der man er klar over snøskredfaren, unnlater man a føre opp bygninger. Der det allerede ... -
Sikringstiltak mot snø- og sørpeskred
(Byggforskserien - Planløsning;Sending 1, Chapter, 1995)Dette bladet behandler de vanligste tiltakene for å sikre bebyggelse mot snø- og sørpeskred. Hensikten med bladet er å gi en oversikt over mulige sikringsmetoder. Bladet gir ikke detaljerte data for prosjektering og ... -
Skred og skredforskning i Norge
(Chapter, 1999)Siden man begynte offentlig registrering over årsak til dødsulykker i 1835, har ca. 1500 mennesker satt livet til i ulykker som skyldes snøskred eller sørpeskred i Norge. I Alpelandene var man også vel vant med den hvite ... -
The SLAB test - The missing link in stability testing?
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2010)An avalanche is released when both the weak layer and the slab fails, still standard stability tests (e.g. CT, ECT) focus on the weak layer only. The SLAB test gives information on both the weak layer and the slab, hence ... -
Slushflow Formation, Flow Regimes and Consequences (Short Version)
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)The term ‘slushflow’ was introduced by Washburn and Goldthwait (1958). Eight people perished in slushflows during the winters 2010 and 2011 in Norway, five in backcountry, two in their home and one truck-driver. Buildings, ... -
Slushflow hazard control. A review of mitigative measures.
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)Slushflow hazard detection and control are based on both active and passive mitigative measures performed above and within the starting zones as well as along the path and in the runout zone. The main aim of preventive ... -
Slushflows: Basic properties and spreading
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)The article presents results of an analytical review of factual data and scientific studies concerning slushflows. The basic conditions and gears of origin, parameters and typology of flows are considered, as well as the ...