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Slushflow hazard - where, why and when? 25 years of experience with slushflow consulting and research.
(Journal article, 1998)Slushflows — flowing mixtures of water and snow — are a major natural hazard in Norway. Knowledge gathered by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute during 25 years of slushflow consulting and research is presented. The ... -
Slushflow hazard control. A review of mitigative measures.
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)Slushflow hazard detection and control are based on both active and passive mitigative measures performed above and within the starting zones as well as along the path and in the runout zone. The main aim of preventive ... -
Slushflow hazard prediction and warning
(Journal article, 2004)Parameters critical to slushflow release have been studied during 11 winters in Rana, North Norway. Slushflows occurred during 16 periods within the research areas and during another 13 in the district. A noticeable rise ... -
Slushflows: Basic properties and spreading
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)The article presents results of an analytical review of factual data and scientific studies concerning slushflows. The basic conditions and gears of origin, parameters and typology of flows are considered, as well as the ... -
Small strain stiffness within logarithmic contractancy model for structured anisotropic clay
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)Stiffness of soils in the small strain region is high and it decays nonlinearly with increasing shear strains or with mobilization of shear stresses. However, the commonly used critical state based constitutive models use ... -
Snaps - snow, ice and avalanche applications
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)The SNAPS project focuses on snow and avalanche services for transport infrastructure in selected areas within the Northern Periphery in Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. The main tasks of the project are: development ... -
Snow avalanche at Bleie, Ullensvang, January 1994.
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)A major snow avalanche hit the farms at Bleie, municipality of Ullensvang, January 27 1994. Three dwelling houses were completely destroyed, and several other buildings were destroyed or damaged. The history of the Bleie ... -
Snow avalanche dynamics : observations and experiments
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)In order to investigate the dynamics and the detailed structure of snow avalanches, we have made systematic observations in the Shiai-dani, Kurobe Canyon since 1989. Velocities of the lower flowing component were calculated ... -
Snow avalanche energy estimation from seismic signal analysis
(Journal article, 2007)A method to determine the dissipated seismic energy into the ground by a down going avalanche is presented. Evaluation of the seismic energy is useful for avalanche size classification, model validation, and for characterization ... -
Snow avalanche experience through 25 years at NGI.
(NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)This year it is 25 years since the Norwegian parliament decided that NG! should be the institution responsible for snow avalanche research and consulting work in Norway. Because of several major snow avalanche accidents ... -
Snow avalanche speed determination using seismic methods
(Journal article, 2007)We present a new method to determine the average propagation speed of avalanches using seismic techniques. Avalanche propagation speeds can reach 70 m/s and more, depending on a wide range of factors, such as the characteristics ... -
Snow Avalanches
(Chapter, 2004)Snow avalanches represent a threat to societies in many countries of the world. In America, Asia, Australia, and Europe, several mountainous countries are affected by this type of natural hazard. People, housing areas, ... -
Snow cover spatial variability at multiple scales: Characteristics of a layer of buried surface hoar
(Journal article, 2007)With the aim of a multi-scale analysis, we simultaneously observed snowpack stratigraphy and stability at three scales: the slope scale, the regional scale and the mountain range scale. The minimum spacing between measurements ... -
Snow creep pressure on mast constructions
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 1990)In Norway snow-creep quite often causes damage on mast constructions on hillsides exposed to deep snow-cover. An extensive snow-creep measurement program has therefore been carried out for different constructions at NGI's ... -
Snow drift challenges at Klettsháls mountain road pass in Iceland
(The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2014)Snow fences are usually used to control snowdrift problems on a relatively flat and open terrain. Snowdrift problems on mountain roads and passes are normally more challenging. The terrain is often more complex, winds can ... -
Snow mass quantification and avalanche victim search by ground penetrating radar
(Journal article, 2003)Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems can be used in many applications of snow and ice research. The information from the GPR is used to identify and interpret layers, objects and different structures in the snow. A ... -
Snow Pressure on Rigid Obstacles
(Journal article, 1976)In this paper a continuum mechanical formulation of snow pressure is given. The snow pressure against retaining structures on slopes is considered in two separate parts: (1) the static component due to the regression of ... -
Snow thickness profiling on Antarctic sea ice with GPR—Rapid and accurate measurements with the potential to upscale needles to a haystack
(Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)Snow thickness on sea ice is a largely undersampled parameter yet of importance for the sea ice mass balance and for satellite-based sea ice thickness estimates and thus our general understanding of global ice volume change. ... -
Snow-creep pressure on masts
(Journal article, 1989)Snow-pressure measurements have been carried out on two masts at the NGI avalanche station in Grasdalen, western Norway. These two tubular masts have diameters of 0.22 and 0.42 m, respectively, and are situated on a 25° ... -
The snowdrift pattern around a small hill in the High Arctic
(Chapter, 2000)The snow distribution in complex terrain is important for the planning of infrastructure, so that large snow depths can be avoided in residential areas and in connection with roads and railroads. Numerical models can give ...