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    • Snaps - snow, ice and avalanche applications 

      Grímsdóttir, Harpa; Jónsson, Magni Hreinn (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)
      The SNAPS project focuses on snow and avalanche services for transport infrastructure in selected areas within the Northern Periphery in Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. The main tasks of the project are: development ...

    • Snow avalanche at Bleie, Ullensvang, January 1994. 

      Lied, Karstein (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      A major snow avalanche hit the farms at Bleie, municipality of Ullensvang, January 27 1994. Three dwelling houses were completely destroyed, and several other buildings were destroyed or damaged. The history of the Bleie ...

    • Snow avalanche dynamics : observations and experiments 

      Nishimura, K.; Ito, Y.; Keller, S.; McElwine, S.; Nohguchi, Y.; Izumi, K.; Kawada, K. (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      In order to investigate the dynamics and the detailed structure of snow avalanches, we have made systematic observations in the Shiai-dani, Kurobe Canyon since 1989. Velocities of the lower flowing component were calculated ...

    • Snow avalanche energy estimation from seismic signal analysis 

      Vilajosana, I.; Suriñach, E.; Khazaradze, G.; Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2007)
      A method to determine the dissipated seismic energy into the ground by a down going avalanche is presented. Evaluation of the seismic energy is useful for avalanche size classification, model validation, and for characterization ...

    • Snow avalanche experience through 25 years at NGI. 

      Lied, Karstein (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      This year it is 25 years since the Norwegian parliament decided that NG! should be the institution responsible for snow avalanche research and consulting work in Norway. Because of several major snow avalanche accidents ...

    • Snow avalanche speed determination using seismic methods 

      Vilajosana, I.; Khazaradze, G.; Suriñach, E.; Lied, Erik; Kristensen, Krister (Journal article, 2007)
      We present a new method to determine the average propagation speed of avalanches using seismic techniques. Avalanche propagation speeds can reach 70 m/s and more, depending on a wide range of factors, such as the characteristics ...

    • Snow Avalanches 

      Lied, Karstein (Chapter, 2004)
      Snow avalanches represent a threat to societies in many countries of the world. In America, Asia, Australia, and Europe, several mountainous countries are affected by this type of natural hazard. People, housing areas, ...

    • Snow cover spatial variability at multiple scales: Characteristics of a layer of buried surface hoar 

      Schweizer, Jürg; Kronholm, Kalle (Journal article, 2007)
      With the aim of a multi-scale analysis, we simultaneously observed snowpack stratigraphy and stability at three scales: the slope scale, the regional scale and the mountain range scale. The minimum spacing between measurements ...

    • Snow creep pressure on mast constructions 

      Larsen, Jan Otto; Laugesen, Jens (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 1990)
      In Norway snow-creep quite often causes damage on mast constructions on hillsides exposed to deep snow-cover. An extensive snow-creep measurement program has therefore been carried out for different constructions at NGI's ...

    • Snow drift challenges at Klettsháls mountain road pass in Iceland 

      Jónsson, Árni; Árnason, Ingvi; Thoroddsen, Eiður B. (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2014)
      Snow fences are usually used to control snowdrift problems on a relatively flat and open terrain. Snowdrift problems on mountain roads and passes are normally more challenging. The terrain is often more complex, winds can ...

    • Snow mass quantification and avalanche victim search by ground penetrating radar 

      Jaedicke, Christian (Journal article, 2003)
      Ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems can be used in many applications of snow and ice research. The information from the GPR is used to identify and interpret layers, objects and different structures in the snow. A ...

    • Snow Pressure on Rigid Obstacles 

      McClung, David (Journal article, 1976)
      In this paper a continuum mechanical formulation of snow pressure is given. The snow pressure against retaining structures on slopes is considered in two separate parts: (1) the static component due to the regression of ...

    • Snow thickness profiling on Antarctic sea ice with GPR—Rapid and accurate measurements with the potential to upscale needles to a haystack 

      Pfaffhuber, Andreas Aspmo; Lieser, Jan L.; Haas, Christian (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      Snow thickness on sea ice is a largely undersampled parameter yet of importance for the sea ice mass balance and for satellite-based sea ice thickness estimates and thus our general understanding of global ice volume change. ...

    • Snow-creep pressure on masts 

      Larsen, Jan Otto; Laugesen, Jens; Kristensen, Krister (Journal article, 1989)
      Snow-pressure measurements have been carried out on two masts at the NGI avalanche station in Grasdalen, western Norway. These two tubular masts have diameters of 0.22 and 0.42 m, respectively, and are situated on a 25° ...

    • The snowdrift pattern around a small hill in the High Arctic 

      Jaedicke, Christian; Thiis, Thomas K.; Bang, Børre (Chapter, 2000)
      The snow distribution in complex terrain is important for the planning of infrastructure, so that large snow depths can be avoided in residential areas and in connection with roads and railroads. Numerical models can give ...

    • The snowdrift pattern around two cubical obstacles with varying distance. Measurements and numerical simulations. 

      Thiis, Thomas K.; Jaedicke, Christian (Chapter, 2000)
      Snowdrifts around buildings can cause serious problems when formed on undesirable places. The formation of snowdrifts is highly connected to the wind pattern around the building, and the wind pattern is again dependent on ...

    • Snowmelt and slush avalanches / slushflows in nothern mountains, Sweden. A video presentation. 

      Rapp, Anders; Gude, Martin; Scherer, Dieter (NGI Publication;203, Chapter, 1998)
      A video of 15 minutes duration reviews different cases of slushflows in May-June 1995 and their behaviour during release and downslope propagation. Slushflow dynamics are compared with other types of mass movement.

    • Snowmelt contribution to Arctic first-year ice ridge mass balance and rapid consolidation during summer melt 

      Lange, Benjamin A.; Salganik, Evgenii; Macfarlane, Amy; Scneebeli, Martin; Høyland, Knut; Gardner, Jessie; Müller, Oliver; Divine, Dmitry V.; Kohlbach, Doreen; Katlein, Christian; Granskog, Mats A. (Journal article, 2023)
      Sea ice ridges are one of the most under-sampled and poorly understood components of the Arctic sea ice system. Yet, ridges play a crucial role in the sea ice mass balance and have been identified as ecological hotspots ...

    • Snøskred og vurdering av snøskredfare 

      Lied, Karstein (Chapter, 1976)
      Artikkelen gir først en kort historikk av snøskredforskning i Norge. Den er nå organisert ved Norges Geotekniske Institutt som har etablert en fast forskningsstasjon i høyfjellet. Deretter er det redegjort for de viktigste ...

    • Snøskred trenger ikke komme som noen overraskelse 

      Sandersen, Frode (Journal article, 2000)
      Snøskred er kostbare hendelser, i form av tap av liv eller materielle skader. Mange steder i landet vårt er det topografiske og klimatiske forhold som gjør det naturlig at det oppstår skredfare. Faren kan normalt ikke ...