• Spatial variability of medium dense sand deposit 

      Liu, Zhongqiang; Amdal, Åse Marit Wist; L Heureux, Jean-Sebastien; Lacasse, Suzanne; Nadim, Farrokh; Xie, Xin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      This paper presents a study of the spatial variability of the cone resistance in a medium dense sand deposit in Norway. Spatial variability studies have been done earlier for clay deposits, but there are few results available ...
    • Spatial variability of micropenetration resistance in snow layers on a small slope 

      Kronholm, Kalle; Schneebeli, Martin; Schweizer, Jürg (Journal article, 2004)
      The mechanisms leading to dry-snow slab release are influenced by the three-dimensional variability of the snow cover. We measured 113 profiles of penetration resistance with a snow micropenetrometer on an alpine snow ...
    • Spatio-temporal distribution of extreme weather events and natural hazards (snow avalanches and rockfalls) in Norway 

      Meyer, Nele Kristin (NGI-rapport;20091808-03-TN Rev. 1, Research report, 2013-05-15)
      The InfraRisk project is concerned with the impacts of extreme weather events (EWE) on the Norwegian transport infrastructure. Natural hazards triggered by EWE's are thereby of central concern. Transport routes running ...
    • Spatiotemporal deformation characteristics of Outang landslide and identification of triggering factors using data mining 

      Yang, Beibei; Liu, Zhongqiang; Lacasse, Suzanne; Liang, Xin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
    • Stabilisation of Soft Clay, Quick Clay and Peat by Industrial By-Products and Biochars 

      Hov, Sølve; Paniagua, Priscilla; Sætre, Christian; Long, Mike; Cornelissen, Gerard; Ritter, Stefan (Journal article, 2023)
      The stabilisation of soft soils using the traditional binders cement and quicklime are known to emit large amounts of carbon dioxide. To reduce this carbon footprint, substitutes such as industrial by-products have been ...
    • Stability analyses of quick clay using FEM and an anisotropic strain softening model with internal length scale 

      Grimstad, Gustav; Jostad, Hans Petter (Chapter, 2012)
      Sensitive soft clays generally display a significant post peak strain softening response under undrained deformation. A consequence of this behavior is that the safety factor during undrained stress changes cannot be ...
    • Stability of Natural Slopes in Quick Clay 

      Aas, Gunnar; Lacasse, Suzanne (NGI Publication;209, Chapter, 2022)
      Norway and Sweden have been subjected to landslides for several centuries, with some of the largest landslides involving a large block sliding out as a continuous flake on a deposit of soft quick clay. Attempts to calculate ...
    • Stability of the Gunneklev Fjord sediments 

      Le, Thi Minh Hue; Rønning, Sigbjørn; Moseid, Mari; Lacasse, Suzanne; Eek, Espen (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      The seabed of the Gunneklev Fjord, with exceptionally soft contaminated sediment, is to be capped. The sediment, containing, among others, mercury and dioxins mixed with natural mud, has an undrained shear strength less ...
    • Stabilization of PFAS-contaminated soil with activated biochar 

      Sørmo, Erlend; Silvani, Ludovica; Bjerkli, Nora; Hagemann, Nikolas; Zimmermann, Andrew R.; Hale, Sarah; Hansen, Caroline Berge; Hartnik, Thomas; Cornelissen, Gerard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Biochars are considered potential sustainable sorbents to reduce the leaching of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) fromcontaminated soils. However, biochar characteristicsmust probably be optimized to achieve ...
    • Stabilization of PFAS-contaminated soil with sewage sludge- and wood-based biochar sorbents 

      Sørmo, Erlend; Lade, Clara Benedikte Mader; Zhang, Junjie; Asimakopoulos, Alexandros; Åsli, Geir Wold; Hubert, Michel; Goranov, Aleksandar I.; Arp, Hans Peter Heinrich; Cornelissen, Gerard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2024)
    • Stakeholder evaluation of the co-production process of climate services. Experiences from two case studies in Larvik (Norway) and Flensburg (Germany) 

      Kalsnes, Bjørn; Oen, Amy M P; Frauenfelder, Regula; Heggelund, Ingrid; Vasbotten, Marit; Vollstedt, Bente; Koerth, Jana; Vafeidis, Nassos; van Well, Lisa; Jan Ellen, Gerald; Koers, Gerben; Raaphorst, Kevin (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
    • Stakeholder Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions and Their Collaborative Co-Design and Implementation Processes in Rural Mountain Areas—A Case Study From PHUSICOS 

      Lupp, Gerd; Huang, Joshua J.; Zingraff-Hamed, Aude; Oen, Amy M P; Del Sepia, Nicola; Martinelli, Alberto; Lucchesi, Massimo; Knutsen, Turid Wullf; Olsen, Mari; Fjøsne, Trine Frisli; Balaguer, Eva-Maria; Arauzo, Idoia; Solheim, Anders; Kalsnes, Bjørn; Pauleit, Stephan (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      Planners and engineers increasingly discovered nature as a source of inspiration to mitigate hydro-meteorological risks resulting from extreme weather events. Actors are realizing advantages of such solutions known as ...
    • Standardization of in situ tests and field work 

      Kåsin, Kristoffer; Kirkevolden, Ole Vidar; Instanes, Arne; Andersen, Espen; Sinitsyn, Anatoly; Bazin, Sara; Lysdahl, Asgeir Kydland; Gundersen, Aleksander Sæthereng (NGI-rapport;20190154-03-R, Report, 2019-12-04)
      The Norwegian Geo-Test Sites (NGTS) research infrastructure, with funding from The Research Council of Norway, creates a national research test site facility for geotech-nical research. The five national test sites are ...
    • Standardization of in situ tests and field work 

      Kåsin, Kristoffer; Kirkevolden, Ole Vidar; Instanes, Arne; Andersen, Espen; Sinitsyn, Anatoly; Bazin, Sara; Lysdahl, Asgeir Kydland; Gundersen, Aleksander S. (NGI-rapport;20160154-03-R, Report, 2019-12-04)
      This report presents a brief overview of standards for in situ tests and field work carried out within the NGTS project.
    • Standards for the performance assessment of territorial landslide early warning systems 

      Piciullo, Luca; Tiranti, Davide; Pecoraro, Gaetano; Calvello, Michele; Cepeda Rivera, Jose Mauricio (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Landslide early warning systems (LEWS) can be categorized into two groups: territorial and local systems. Territorial landslide early warning systems (Te-LEWS) deal with the occurrence of several landslides in wide areas: ...
    • State-of-the-art review of soft computing applications in underground excavations 

      Zhang, Wengang; Zhang, Runhong; Wu, Chongzhi; Goh, Anthony Teck Chee; Lacasse, Suzanne; Liu, Zhongqiang; Liu, Hanlong (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      Soft computing techniques are becoming even more popular and particularly amenable to model the complex behaviors of most geotechnical engineering systems since they have demonstrated superior predictive capacity, compared ...
    • State-of-the-lagoon reports as vehicles of cross-disciplinary integration 

      Zaucha, Jacek; Davoudi, Simin; Slob, Adriaan; Bourma, Geiske; van Meerkerk, Ingmar; Oen, Amy M P; Breedveld, Gijs D. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      An integrative approach across disciplines is needed for sustainable lagoon and estuary management as identified by integrated coastal zone management. The ARCH research project (Architecture and roadmap to manage multiple ...
    • Statistical and geometrical definition of snow avalanche runout 

      Martinelli, M. Jr.; McClung, D.M.; Lied, Karstein (Journal article, 1987)
      Two mathematical models for calculating the extreme avalanche runout from a fixed reference point on the path are presented and contrasted. The models are: (1) estimates of confidence limits on regression analyses of ...
    • Statistical avalanche zoning. 

      McClung, D. M.; Lied, Karstein (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 1984)
      Runout for the extreme event on an avalanche path is calculated from confidence limits on a regression analysis of path topographic parameters. This results in redefinition of the traditional zoning problem by dividing it ...
    • Stochastic analysis of tsunami runup due to heterogeneous coseismic slip and dispersion 

      Løvholt, Finn; Pedersen, Geir Kleivstul; Bazin, Sara; Kühn, Daniela; Bredesen, Rolv Erlend; Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2012)
      Most tsunami models apply dislocation models that assume uniform slip over the entire fault plane, followed by standard analytical models based on Volterra's theory of elastic dislocations for the seabed deformation. In ...