Blar i NGI articles på forfatter "Gauer, Peter"

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    • Looking Beyond the Powder/Dense FlowAvalanche Dichotomy 

      Faug, Thierry; Turnbull, Barbara; Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2018-03-04)
      Köhler et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004375) deploy a high spatial and temporal resolution GEODAR radar system to reveal the inside of snow avalanches over the entire slope. They detect a rich variety of ...

    • Maximum frontal speeds, alpha angles and deposit volumes of flowing snow avalanches 

      McClung, D.M.; Gauer, Peter (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      Approximate maximum frontal speeds from 89 snow avalanches were analyzed to yield probabilistic estimates of maximum speed scaled with path length parameters. In addition to speeds, 88 companion values of runout for the ...

    • Numerical modeling of a slushflow event 

      Gauer, Peter (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2004)
      Slushflows—flowing mixtures of snow and water—constitute a natural hazard especially in higher latitudes, i.e., Norway, Iceland, or Alaska. The combination of high densities and high mobility can make them to a highly ...

    • Numerical modeling of a slushflow event 

      Gauer, Peter (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2004)
      Slushflows—flowing mixtures of snow and water—constitute a natural hazard especially in higher latitudes, i.e., Norway, Iceland, or Alaska. The combination of high densities and high mobility can make them to a highly ...

    • Numerical modeling of blowing and drifting snow in Alpine terrain. 

      Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2001)
      In mountainous regions, snow transport due to wind significantly influences snow distribution and, as a result, avalanche danger. A physically based numerical two-Iayer model is developed to simulate blowing and drifting ...

    • Numerical runout simulation of debris avalanches in the Faroe Islands, North Atlantic Ocean 

      Dahl, Mads-Peter J; Gauer, Peter; Kalsnes, Bjørn; Mortensen, Lis E.; Jensen, Niels H.; Veihe, Anita (Journal article, 2012-08-31)
      The Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean are susceptible to flow-type landslides in coarse-grained highly organic colluvium. Following several hazardous debris avalanche events, research work has been initiated to ...

    • Objective comparison of two to three dimensional avalanche model output and field data using the AIMEC approach 

      Fischer, Jan-Thomas; Fromm, Reinhard; Gauer, Peter; Sovilla, Betty (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)
      In recent years two to three dimensional avalanche simulation tools have gained importance to estimate the hazard. The models are optimized to determine run out distances of avalanches. However, technically dynamic models ...

    • On avalanche (front) velocity measurements at the Ryggfonn avalanche test site and comparison with observations from other locations 

      Gauer, Peter (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2012)
      Besides the runout distance of an avalanche, information on avalanche intensity along the path are often required for hazard zoning or planning of mitigation measures. The avalanche (front) velocity is a common measure as ...

    • On avalanche measurements at the Norwegian full-scale test-site Ryggfonn. 

      Gauer, Peter; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)
      Avalanche measurements and observations, which were carried out at the Ryggfonn test-site, Norway, on 16 April 2005, are analyzed. The data include pulsed Doppler radar measurements, impact pressure readings from load cells ...

    • On full-scale avalanche measurements at the Ryggfonn test site, Norway. 

      Gauer, Peter; Issler, Dieter; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister; Iwe, H.; Lied, Erik; Rammer, L.; Schreiber, H. (Journal article, 2007)
      Avalanche measurements carried out at the Ryggfonn test site, Norway, during several winter seasons are analyzed with emphasis on recognizing different flow regimes and estimating flow densities. Measurements include impact ...

    • On pulsed Doppler radar measurements of avalanches and their implication to avalanche dynamics. 

      Gauer, Peter; Kern, Martin; Kristensen, Krister; Lied, Karstein; Rammer, Lambert; Schreiber, Helmut (Journal article, 2007)
      Pulsed Doppler radar measurements from several avalanche releases are analyzed to gain an in-depth understanding of avalanche dynamics. A pulsed Doppler radar emits short pulses and samples the echo in distinct time ...

    • On snow avalanche flow regimes: Inferences from observations and measurements. 

      Gauer, Peter; Issler, Dieter; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister; Sandersen, Frode (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)
      Mixed dry-snow avalanches are commonly thought to consist of a dense core and a dilute suspension layer, even though observations and measurements from Canada and Russia have long indicated the presence of an intermediate-density ...

    • Optimization and probabilistic calibration of avalanche block models 

      Gauer, Peter; Medina-Cetina, Zenon; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister (Journal article, 2009)
      The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has been performing full-scale avalanche tests at Ryggfonn in western Norway for more than 30 years. During those years, measurements from about three dozen dry-snow avalanches ...

    • Overrun length of avalanches overtopping catching dams: Cross-comparison of small-scale laboratory experiments and observations from full-scale avalanches 

      Faug, Thierry; Gauer, Peter; Lied, Karstein; Naaim, Mohamed (Journal article, 2008)
      Results from small-scale and full-scale experiments on avalanche–dam interactions are presented and compared. These experiments were analyzed with respect to the overrun length (i.e., the distance that the avalanche traveled ...

    • Possible erosion mechanisms in snow avalanches 

      Gauer, Peter; Issler, Dieter (Journal article, 2004)
      Snow erosion and entrainment processes in avalanches are classified according to their mechanisms, the flow regimes in which they occur, and their spatial position within the avalanche. Simple, but process-specific, models ...

    • Probabilistic calibration of avalanche block models. 

      Gauer, Peter; Medina-Cetina, Zenon; Lied, Karstein; Kristensen, Krister (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2008)
      The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) has been operating the full-scale avalanche test-site Ryggfonn in western Norway for more than 25 years. During those years, measurements from about three dozen dry-snow avalanches ...

    • Risikomanagement in lawinenexponierten Gebieten Norwegens: Visionen im Lawinenschutz 

      Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2017)
      Dieser Beitrag entstand anlässlich des Symposiums "VISIONS OF AVALANCHE PROTECTION" 27 - 28 April 2017 in Galtür, Tirol.

    • Selected observations from avalanche measurements at the Ryggfonn test site and comparisons with observations from other locations 

      Gauer, Peter (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2016)
      Selected observations from the full-scale avalanche test site Ryggfonn, Norway, like front velocity, runout distance, or pressure distributions, are presented and compared with observations from other locations. In this ...

    • Snow avalanche energy estimation from seismic signal analysis 

      Vilajosana, I.; Suriñach, E.; Khazaradze, G.; Gauer, Peter (Journal article, 2007)
      A method to determine the dissipated seismic energy into the ground by a down going avalanche is presented. Evaluation of the seismic energy is useful for avalanche size classification, model validation, and for characterization ...

    • The upgraded full-scale avalanche test-site Ryggfonn, Norway. 

      Gauer, Peter; Breien, Hedda; Issler, Dieter; Kristensen, Krister; Kronholm, Kalle; Lied, Erik; Lied, Karstein (The International Snow Science Workshop (ISSW) Proceedings;, Chapter, 2010)
      Measurements of full-scale avalanches are expensive and time consuming, but are indispensable to gain in-depth understanding of the flow behavior of avalanches. They are needed to crosscheck the scaling used in small-scale ...