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Comparison of the condition of steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete with water-glass and alkali-free activators after more than 20 years of service in a subsea road tunnel

Manquehual, Cristobal Javier; Jakobsen, Pål Drevland; Holter, Karl Gunnar; De Weerdt, Klaartje; Danner, Tobias Alexander; Bruland, Amund
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3041648
Date
2022-04-18
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  • NGI articles [1175]
Abstract
The in-service condition of steel fiber-reinforced shotcrete installed more than 20 years ago as single-shell rock support lining in the Nordkapp subsea road tunnel was investigated. The novelty of this study is the comparison of shotcrete with water–glass and alkali-free activators in a saline groundwater environment. The lowest shotcrete density was obtained at joints between two adjacent shotcrete layers. In the case of alkali-free accelerator, ettringite enrichment was observed in these joints. Leaching appeared to be the main degradation mechanism in the outermost 10–15 cm towards the traffic room.
Journal
Construction and Building Materials

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